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History of the peace symbol- It is said to have been created by a man named Gerald Herbert Holtom. He was a peace activist during World war two that was especially against nuclear weapons. Its first public appearance was made in the united kingdom in 1958 in a march for nuclear disarmament. It was designed based on the signal for nuclear disarmament which is made up of n and d. The n is two arms outstretched in the down position. This is followed up by a d which is one arm directly up and one directly down. the two of them were put together then encompassed by a circle to make the current peace symbol.

http://www.teachpeace.com/peacesymbolhistory.htm

**Causes**
-The causes for these movements are there has to be a war going on, people opposing the war, american lives being lost

**Effects**
It convinced the president and other prominent political leaders to end wars. Also it usually caused uprisings and sometimes the protesters took it out on the solider on their return home

**WWI**
The opposition to World war one started as the socialist party saying it would just be workers killing workers for their bosses. But then when the war actually begun they backed their government. Woodrow Wilson actually got into the white house in the election of 1916 on the slogan "He kept us out of war" but then the very next year the country spiraled into war. In this war you would be thrown in jail if you were known to be protesting the war.

Helen keller- was a known socialist but was not charged with anything because of her help with the deaf and blind.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opposition_to_World_War_I

**WWII**
There was not a big movement here but the movement that was present was mostly based on nuclear disarmament and not to use them. This time period is said to be when the peace symbol was created. originally created for nuclear disarmament it was eventually adopted to be the universal peace symbol.

**Vietnam**

 * In the beginning of the war there was only a small percentage of the population that opposed the war. It then grew in large amounts after President Kennedy was assassinated. when President Johnson surged troops into vietnam riots and protests started popping up across colleges throughout the united states. It then spread throughout the nation and a strong aspect to the movement growing was the music. popular artists like john lennon and the beetles helped to spread anti-war ideas. One of the most famous protesters of the time was Muhammad Ali. He burnt his draft card along with some 9000 others. these were only the ones that got caught burning their draft cards. There was even an organization formed that was veterans against vietnam. A big protest that happened was one at kent state. There a riot was broken down when four people were shot and killed and nine were wounded.**

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/VNprotest.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kent_State_shootings

John Lennon- He was an anti war activist that spread anti war messages by writing songs. he worked with a band for awhile named the Beatles. He then made a solo career writing peace related songs. He was shot at age 40. http://teenink.com/nonfiction/heroes/article/78704/John-Lennon-MusicianAntiwar-Activist/

Bob dylan- He was an music artist who says his music wasn't directly written as anti war but alot of his songs were interpreted as anti war. He was said to be a motivation for anti war protestor John Lennon. http://library.thinkquest.org/11847/gather/3b.html

Joan Baez- extreme activist and Anti war protestor. She was present and very vocal at rallies. She encouraged not paying your taxes, one time only paying 60 percent of her income tax. She also went over to preach anti war in vietnam but was caught in the u.s. bombing of hanoi for 11 days. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Baez#Vietnam_War

The Beatles- They were a group that produced some anti war songs but the main push for them having sung anti war songs is the fact that John Lennon was in their group. http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080417172553AAYGTz5

**Iraq/afghanistan**
Many Nations around the globe supported the Anti war movement getting into these wars. The only reason the untied nations let us invade is because of the threat of Weapons of mass destruction. The main anti war movement rallies from the parents who have lost or have sons fighting. they feel that their children are dying for no good reason. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opposition_to_the_Iraq_War

http://politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2010/03/15/cindy-sheehan-camps-out-on-national-mall/
 * Cindy Sheehan**
 * -She lost her son in the Iraq war and started protesting saying she lost her son for nothing. She camped out on President Bush's lawn and also on the Memorial lawn. She got arrested for camping out in front of the memorial but the only charges she got were for protesting without signed paperwork which is just a small crime so there were no major penalties.**

Melvin Talbert- He is an anti war activist against The afghan war. He has had sever interviews with various news stations stating his thoughts on the war. He said that religion is the biggest driving aspect in the anti war movements. http://abcnews.go.com/US/story?id=90854&page=1#.TsMrmbLlZxo