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http://prezi.com/q_svnbqvncnb/workers-labor-rights/ = = =__ Worker's Rights __=

Historical Roots and Development
18th Century - Europe, labor movement began during the industrial revolution. Forming unions was against the law. The Communist Manifesto - right to 8 hour day. Written by Karl Marx. May 15, 1891 Pope Leo XIII Rerum Novarum - “On the Condition of the Working Classes” - Reforms on work day length, wages, no child labor, right of unions, regulation - movement spreading in North America and Europe. "Labour Movement." //Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia //. Wikipedia. Web. 14 Nov. 2011. .

1806 Commonwealth vs. Pullis - case surrounding labor strike. Striking workers were “illegal conspirators”. The union of Philadelphia Journeyman Shoemakers were fined $8. 1825 Carpenters in Boston want 10 hour work-day 1835 Children want 11-hour day 6 days a week in silk mills. 1842 Commonwealth vs. Hunt - judge rules unions had the right to organize and strike. Changed the precedent from previous court case Commonwealth vs. Pullis. 1866 National Labor Union formed in the US 1869 Knights of Labor 1882 (Tuesday, September 5) First Labor Day - in which 30,000 workers marched "workingman's holiday" 1911 Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire - leads to safety standards/unions (International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union) 1914 Ford motor company raised wages/lowered hours: $2.40 - $5.00/day 9-hour day to 8-hour day "Henry Ford." //Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia//. Wikipedia. Web. 15 Nov. 2011. . 1919 International Labor Organization wrote Article 23, 24: Right to work, choice of employment, equal pay and right to join unions Gender pay gap - Difference between male and female wages because of discrimination. pg.787 793 795 833 858-859

Adjusted wage gap - takes into effect “age, education, number of children, tenure, and occupation.” OECD - organization for Economic and Co-operation and Development Women have 20% less chance to have a job than men/paid 17% less than men. United States Congress Joint Economic Committee inequalities decrease, pay gap remains unchanged. Rise in women’s wages in 1980s, decrease in 1990s and a mix in 2000s. "Gender Pay Gap." //Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia//. Media Wiki, 7 Jan. 2007. Web. 15 Nov. 2011. .

"Labor Rights." //Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia//. Media Wiki, 28 May 2006. Web. 15 Nov. 2011. .

For
1891 Pope Leo XIII - document Rerum Novarum - Showed the inequality and what was needed for justice - “//The misery and wretchedness pressing so unjustly on the majority of the working class//.” Proposed unions, collective bargaining. Primer for Roman Catholic’s view on exploitation of workers, called for a “living wage”, inspired literature and sparked social subject in Europe. 1869 Terence Powderly - Knights of Labor taken over by Terence. Proposed initiating strikes and boycotts. Knights had over 700,000 members by 1886. Led to labor protest songs. 1871 Mary Harris “Mother Jones” - Support of mine workers and against child labor. Protested child labor by leading a march from Kensington, Pa to NY. Among founder of Industrial Workers of the World. 1881 Samuel Gompers - American Federation of Labor (AFL) served for 37 years - took over the KoL which had disappeared by 1900. Called for formation of central labor councils. Example: Chicago Federation of labor organized steel workers during WWI. “Business Unionism” 1902 Theodore Roosevelt - Compromise with coal workers - higher wages shorter hours / no recognized unions. 1908 Lewis Wickes Hine - used photography to promote social reform (changing child labor) John. L. Lewis - Congress of Industrial Organization provided pay of $7.50 per day to coal operators. 1933 Franklin D. Roosevelt - Walsh-Healey Act - National Industrial Recov Act 1936 William Green - President of AFL 1952 David J McDonald - President of United Steelworkers of America - organized many workers including blacks late 1950s Jimmy Hoffa - Involved in the International Brotherhood of Teamsters, a labor union in the US that 1975 Edward T Hanley - president of Hotel Employees and Restaurant Employees Union - reflects feminization because there were 181,000 female members in this union by 1950.

"Labor History of the United States." //Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia//. Media Wiki, 27 Mar. 2006. Web. 15 Nov. 2011. .

Against
1903 David M Parry - spoke to National Association of Manufacturers (NAM) on behalf of anti-unionism because unions would lead to “despotism, tyranny, and slavery” Said that AFL made "boycotters, picketers, and socialists". He proposed a large anti-union federation with him at the helm. Parry also declared 8-hour day "vicious, needless, and in every way preposterous proposition." In 1937 La Follette Committee found abuses such as strikebreakers and armed guards. "Anti-union Organizations in the United States." 1968 National Right To Work Legal Defense Foundation - provides free legal advice to those who have had their civil rights violated whilst in a particular union. This is a nonprofit organization that has represented 20,000 employees. 1997 National Legal and Policy Center - exposing abuses of unions, provides information of union corruption //Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia//. Media Wiki, 20 Apr. 2009. Web. 15 Nov. 2011. .

"Labor History of the United States." //Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia//. Media Wiki, 27 Mar. 2006. Web. 15 Nov. 2011. .

Connections to 3 other Social Movements
Women’s Rights - With the adoption of equality between genders, there must be acts, laws and nondiscriminatory documents put in place so both genders can work equally together. Throughout history, women have been subjected to suppression in the workplace because of stereotypes and overall injustice discrimination against their gender. Today there are many laws put into place allowing women to be a viable part of the overall working community. These include the Fair Labor Standards Act, the Equal Employment Opportunity, Fair Pay, Family and Medical Leave Act, and the Employment Laws Assistance for Workers and Small Business. These Acts and laws are effectively reducing the gender pay gap and promoting women in the work place. Women, Audience --. "U.S. Department of Labor -- Find It! By Audience -- Women."//The U.S. Department of Labor Home Page//. U.S. Department of Labor. Web. 14 Nov. 2011. < [] >.

Civil Rights - Another social movement that has called for equality in the workplace is Civil Rights. Discrimination has long been a barrier preventing other ethnicities from participating in important jobs, but this activity has been halted by laws put into place, similar to the laws allowing women to work equally with men. The Federal Employment Opportunity Laws (Civil Rights Act of 1964) prohibit “discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin”. Also the Civil Rights Act of 1991 under the EEO Laws provides compensation for employment discrimination. The EEO Laws say that it is illegal to discriminate in working aspect including recruiting, hiring, firing, layoff, recall, job advertisements, pay, retirement plans and so on. With these Laws in place equality between race is attainable and well on its way.

"Federal Laws Prohibiting Job Discrimination: Questions AndAnswers." //Federal Laws Prohibiting Job Discrimination Questions And Answers//. The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, 21 Nov. 2009. Web. 14 Nov. 2011. < [] >.

Immigration - In the workplace there need to be labor laws that will provide equality between all employees. Therefore, along with Women’s Rights, and Civil Rights, Labor laws can be connected to and help immigration workers. The Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) provides eligibility, verification and nondiscrimination between employees of differing nationalities and immigrants. Under this Act US employers may only hire legal workers, with verification backing them up. This Act also protects workers from discrimination when being hired, as the EEO Laws do. The Department of Justice enforces the INA. Another Act that protects immigrants is the Migrant and Seasonal Agricultural Workers Act. This provides a “safeguard” for workers in the fields of agriculture, their affiliated associations, and migrant housing. These laws provide great steps towards less discrimination from employers for immigrants.

"Labor Laws." //Agricultural Labor//. U.S. Department of Agriculture, 20 Apr. 2011. Web. 14 Nov. 2011. < [] >.

The Movement Today
There are many laws in effect today that have been a result of the early social movement in America regarding Workers and Labor Rights. These laws protect employees from discrimination in terms of pay, they allow for time off, a balanced work week, and compensation for rights that may have been infringed. Workers’ / Labor Rights have come a long way, because these are the very things that sparked the social movement back in the 1800s. Some laws and their descriptions are:


 * 1) Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) - standards for wages and hours
 * 2) Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) - protection from discrimination in the workplace
 * 3) Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSH) - health conditions regulated, workplace free from hazards
 * 4) Longshore and Harbor Workers' Compensation Act (LHWCA) - compensation to maritime employees
 * 5) Federal Employees' Compensation Act (FECA) - compensation to families of injured employees
 * 6) Black Lung Benefits Act (BLBA) - monthly payments to coal miners with pneumoconiosis “black lung disease”
 * 7) Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) - regulates pension and welfare supplied to employees
 * 8) Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosure Act (LMRDA) - Unions and their members must file repots, have officials, employers, and labor consultants
 * 9) Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) - up to 12 weeks unpaid, job-protected leave to those participating in events such as adoption, birth or serious illness of a family member
 * 10) Migrant and Seasonal Agricultural Worker Protection Act (MSPA) - Regulates workers employed on larger farms

"U.S. Department of Labor - A Summary of Major DOL Laws." //The U.S. Department of Labor Home Page //. U.S. Department of Labor. Web. 14 Nov. 2011. .

The Future
With the adoption of laws that strike down discrimination, provide equal pay, and continue to change employees’ rights, the future looks promising for workers’ rights. American society has already been changed for the better from the unionized effort to change employers decisions on collective wages and hours. The unions that participated in changing American society, (AFL-CIO and KoL) have brought a sense of community for the betterment of employees in America. Unions have also brought about equality which will continue into the future. In 20 years from now the gender pay gap should be eradicated, and equality will be a pronounced effort throughout all American business, thanks to the efforts of leaders contributing to the ideas of Workers’ rights.