Amelia+and+Lindsey+-+SMA+-+SP12

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 * WELFARE RIGHTS **


 * What is it? **
 * established to help people in need
 * people who are unemployed, have a low income that qualifies, or other people who require assistance
 * most of these money resources come from the government agency or other program


 * What happened before Welfare? **
 * Before Welfare there was no public assistance besides small charities or donations from churches.


 * Settlements- **An early form of reform similar to welfare was settlement houses
 * A settlement house is a neighborhood-based organization that provides services and activities designed to identify and reinforce the strengths of individuals, families and communities
 * **1889- ** Chicago Hull House Jane Adams was most well-known
 * “large buildings in crowded immigrant neighborhoods of industrial cities”
 * Were created to help with poverty
 * Helped with essentials to living
 * Would pay base to stay in the settlement
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline;">People would move in them in order to be on sight of work or closer to it
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline;">Usually Industrial workers

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> ** 1935 **** - Social Security Act: **
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">under FDR; established a number of programs designed to provide aid to various segments of the population
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">The need for welfare was great in the 1930's during the Great Depression. Millions of people were thrown out of their jobs, left with no other options. High numbers of fathers left their families and fled to elsewhere, and left their family to survive by their own means.


 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">1935 - Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC): **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">created by the Social Security Act
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">it provided financial assistance to children of single parents or whose families had low or no income
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">it upset some people because able body citizens were receiving the funds they paid into

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> ** Government Agencies Created ** <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> - Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), Department of Labor, Department of Agriculture, and the Department of Education


 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">1964 – Head Start Program **<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> – provides comprehensive education, health, nutrition, and parent involvement services to low-income children and their families. It expanded with the Head Start Act in 1981 and was further revised in 2007.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> ** 1965 - Social Security Act: Medicare and Medicaid **
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline;">Medicare - provided federal funding for many of the medical costs of older Americans
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline;">Medicaid - welfare recipients of all ages received medical care

**<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">1970s **<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> - During the 1970s advocates of welfare reform promoted the theory of “workfare”. The idea initially referred to working off welfare payments through public service jobs, but it developed into the concept of using training and education to help recipients gain independence.
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">1966-1975 **<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> - **The National Welfare Rights Organization (NWRO)**: an American activist organization that fought for the welfare rights of people, especially women and children.
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline;">created in the mid-1960s to fight for greater assistance and control over welfare regulations
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline;">welfare recipients started organizing in the early 1960s in response to laws being passed to decrease the number of welfare recipients and the size of their welfare grants
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline;">1966 - George Alvin Wiley organized several demonstrations for the poor and brought together a number of local organizations into the NWRO
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline;">NWRO Four goals:
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline;">adequate income
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline;">dignity
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline;">justice
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline;">democratic participation
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline;">1969 - internal dissention arose: Wiley sought to expand the movement to include the working poor, welfare recipients led by Johnnie Tillmon tried to redefine welfare rights as a women’s issue
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline;">1972 - Wiley resigned and Tillmon was appointed as the NWRO’s new executive director
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline;">1975 - the NWRO went bankrupt and the organization ended

**<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">1988 – Family Support Act **<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> – a “welfare-to-work” program, implemented education, job training, and job placement programs


 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">1996 **<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> - Bill Clinton signed the **Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act**: the federal government gives annual lump sums to states to use to assist the poor, and those receiving aid are encouraged to move from welfare to work. It replaced the AFDC. New laws required that people work in order to receive financial aid. This initiative moved millions of Americans from being dependent on welfare to being self-sufficient.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> ** 1997 **** - Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF): ** <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> created by the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act under President Bill Clinton, provides temporary financial assistance while aiming to get people off of that assistance (60-month lifetime limit), primarily through employment


 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 16px;">3 Other Social Movements **
 * **Immigration**- Many immigrants have tried to fight for basic rights and freedoms since they aren’t guaranteed that many. They have fought for the opportunity to be able to receive the small benefits of housing, health, and food since they may not be getting very large pays.


 * **Worker's Rights**- Workers had very poor working conditions and began to try and fight for better conditions and raise wages. There was a lot of men who were either out of work or had a very low income and they would often use the benefits that they were able to receive from welfare.


 * Women's Rights- Women had fought for more rights and wanted to be included in gaining the benefits for their families. Widows had also taken welfare since their providing male figure had moved on. They were trying to fight for job equality so they wouldn’t need to continue taking the welfare.
 * 8 People Involved**
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">**//Franklin Delano Roosevelt//** created the //Social Security Act//in 1935
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">**//George Alvin Wiley//** had began the National Welfare Rights Organization.
 * **//Johnnie Tillmon//** was a very large activist in the welfare rights movement to help improve living conditions.
 * **//Women’s Rights Activists//**, in general, had helped with welfare since it would improve their life style and help with fighting for rights.
 * **//Worker’s Rights//** needed to be helped to gain assistance and benefits.
 * **//Immigrants//** had also wanted to be involved since this would create an opportunity to gain more freedoms.
 * **//Bill Clinton//** had created Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act.

**3 People Against**
 * //**Alf Landon**// was the Republican politician who had decided to run against FDR during the 1936 presidential election.
 * //**Conservative**// moderate conservative, many believe that they should help the lower class, but not give them every thing they need for an extended period of time.
 * //**Radical Conservative**// think that lower classes should mainly focus on working. They don’t really care or pay attention to the incomes of the lower class families.


 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Present and Future **
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline;">Acts such as **H.R.4737** and **WORK** have extended TANF and increased its spending
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline;">The **Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program** (**SNAP**) provides financial assistance for food purchasing to low and no income people and families living in the U.S. (Food Stamps)
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">EITC (Earned Income Tax Credit) **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> - a benefit for people who work and have low to moderate wages. It reduces the amount of tax you owe and may also give you a refund. You have to meet certain requirements in order to qualify.
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline;">Medicaid cost the government $275 billion in 2010 and it is expected to rise to $451 billion by 2018
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline;">Nearly 42 million Americans were receiving food stamps in 2010
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline;">The best estimate of the cost of the 185 federal means tested welfare programs for 2010 for the federal government alone is nearly $700 billion, up a third since 2008, according to the Heritage Foundation.
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline;">By 2013, total annual welfare spending will have grown still more, to nearly $1 trillion. Over the 10 year period from 2009 to 2018, federal and state welfare spending will total $10.3 trillion.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Works Cited <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">"Alf Landon." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 05 Aug. 2012. Web. 10 May 2012. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alf_Landon>. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">"Current Issues and Programs in Social Welfare." Current Issues and Programs in Social Welfare. Web. 10 May 2012. <http://www.socialwelfarehistory.com/recollections/current-issues-and-programs-in-social-welfare/>. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">"EITC, Earned Income Tax Credit, Questions and Answers." EITC, Earned Income Tax Credit, Questions and Answers. Web. 10 May 2012. <http://www.irs.gov/individuals/article/0,,id=96466,00.html>. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">"Great Society." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 05 June 2012. Web. 10 May 2012. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Society>. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">"National Welfare Rights Organization (1966-1975) | The Black Past: Remembered and Reclaimed." National Welfare Rights Organization (1966-1975) | The Black Past: Remembered and Reclaimed. Web. 10 May 2012. <http://www.blackpast.org/?q=aah/national-welfare-rights-organization-1966-1975>. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">"Opposition to the New Deal." Opposition to the New Deal. Web. 10 May 2012. <http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/New_Deal_opposition.htm>. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">"Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (1996)." Enotes.com. Enotes.com. Web. 10 May 2012. <http://www.enotes.com/personal-responsibility-work-opportunity-reference/personal-responsibility-work-opportunity>. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">"Settlement Houses." Settlement Houses. Web. 10 May 2012. <http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/1135.html>. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">"Social Security." John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum. Web. 10 May 2012. <http://www.jfklibrary.org/Research/Ready-Reference/Legislative-Summary-Main-Page/Legislative-Summary/Social-Security.aspx>. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">"Temporary Assistance for Needy Families." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 05 Apr. 2012. Web. 10 May 2012. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temporary_Assistance_for_Needy_Families>. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">"Welfare Information." US Welfare System. Web. 10 May 2012. <http://www.welfareinfo.org/reform/>. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">"Welfare." ThinkQuest. Oracle Foundation. Web. 10 May 2012. <http://library.thinkquest.org/06aug/00342/Welfare.html>. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">"Welfare Use by Immigrant Households with Children." Center for Immigration Studies. Web. 10 May 2012. <http://www.cis.org/immigrant-welfare-use-2011>.