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__History__ The African American oppression had been taking place since colonist first arrived in America. They brought with them African American slaves who had been sold to them by other Africans, or that they had enslaved themselves. The earliest major event in the history of the African American Civil Rights movement was the Civil War. One of the main reasons for the Civil War was over the issue of slavery. The North was mainly in opposition to slavery while the plantation owners and farmers of the South relied on slaves and thus were in support of slavery. After the Civil War, African American Civil Rights conflicts were primarily silenced until African Americans grew tired of being segregated and discriminated against in the late 1800s to early 1900s. People such as W.E.B. Du Bois, Booker T. Washington, and George Washington Carver helped to place the foundation for the great push towards equality that would arise in 1955 and continue until 1968. Throughout the course of the United States history, the Civil Rights movement did consist of small variances. In the late 1800s and early 1900s the movement was split mainly between two types of forces. Booker T. Washington believed in working with the whites to gain equality while W.E.B. Du Bois believed in limited white involvement until later. During this time, the movement was simply a push get legislation passed ending segregation and discrimination. This early sense of the movement resulted in groups that would continue to exist up to the "Civil Rights movement" and later. Throughout the movement's life, it always seemed to be split into two opposing sides. The movement in the 50s and 60s was also split between two forces, the non-violent protesters under Martin Luther King, and the followers of Malcolm X, who believed in force. During the Civil Rights movement there was increased violence between African Americans and whites. The violence was usually targeted at African Americans. Some examples of attacks are the murder of teenager Emmett Till (August 28th, 1955), the beating of Felton Turner in Houston (March 7th, 1960), the burning of two black churches in Sasser, Georgia used for voting (September 9th, 1962), and the 16th Street Baptist Church bombing (September 15th, 1963) are just a few. Acts of violence towards blacks endure throughout the movement and finally begin to stop after the assassination of Martin Luther King which results in the government fully joining in on eliminating discrimination and segregation. The movement during this time consisted of many different protests, ranging from sit-ins to boycotts of the bus system. These protests started out small and less frequent, but as the movement progressed and intensified, so did the protests.

__1900-1925__ W.E.B Du Bois: -Labeled "Father of Pan-Africanism" -Helped to found Niagara Movement with Frederick L. McGhee and WIlliam Monroe Trotter --Niagara Movement expresses belief in freedom of speech and criticism, an opportunity no matter what race or ethnicity to gain the highest levels of education, male suffrage for all men, and the annihilation of segregation and discrimination.

W.E.B. Du Bois was one of the main players in the early Civil Rights movement. He was at the first National Negro Conference and the second, which led to the creation of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). He became the publisher of //The Crisis//, which attempted to gain support for the termination of segregation and discrimination. Some of his articles resulted in strong pushes towards the production of legislation, such as the anti-lynching push.

Presentation: Social Transformation A Change in America History

Slavery in America: The African American oppression had been taking place since colonist first arrived in America. They brought with them African American slaves who had been sold to them by other Africans, or that they had enslaved themselves. During this time African Americans were not only treated as second class citizens, they were treated as property. Over time, both slaves and whites grew to realize the wrong in this practice and began to want to rectify the problem. The abolition of slavery would be one of the main reasons for the Civil War that was to come.

Civil War: The earliest major event in the history of the African American Civil Rights movement was the Civil War. One of the main reasons for the Civil War was over the issue of slavery. The North was mainly in opposition to slavery while the plantation owners and farmers of the South relied on slaves and thus were in support of slavery. During the war, African Americans fled to the North where they could be freed of their slave owners. Many of these freed slaves joined the Union push as a result of being freed. Ultimately the Union defeated the Confederates in the Civil War. This defeat was not easy for the Southerners who would not accept a disappearance of the "Southern Way of Life" and as a result the Ku Klux Klan was formed, mainly made up of ex-Confederate soldiers.

A Silence in the movement: After the Civil War, African American Civil Rights conflicts were primarily silenced until African Americans grew tired of being segregated and discriminated against in the late 1800s to early 1900s.

People such as W.E.B. Du Bois, Booker T. Washington, and George Washington Carver helped to place the foundation for the great push towards equality that would arise in 1955 and continue until 1968.

Two sides of the early movement: Throughout the course of the United States history, the Civil Rights movement did consist of small variances. In the late 1800s and early 1900s the movement was split mainly between two types of forces. Booker T. Washington believed in working with the whites to gain equality while W.E.B. Du Bois believed in limited white involvement until later. During this time, the movement was simply a push get legislation passed ending segregation and discrimination. This early sense of the movement resulted in groups that would continue to exist up to the "Civil Rights movement" and later.

The movement is split again: Throughout the movement's life, it always seemed to be split into two opposing sides. The movement in the 50s and 60s was also split between two forces, the non-violent protesters under Martin Luther King, and the followers of Malcolm X, who believed in force.

Increase in Violence:During the Civil Rights movement there was increased violence between African Americans and whites. The violence was usually targeted at African Americans. Some examples of attacks are the murder of teenager Emmett Till (August 28th, 1955), the beating of Felton Turner in Houston (March 7th, 1960), the burning of two black churches in Sasser, Georgia used for voting (September 9th, 1962), and the 16th Street Baptist Church bombing (September 15th, 1963) are just a few. Acts of violence towards blacks endure throughout the movement and finally begin to stop after the assassination of Martin Luther King which results in the government almost fully joining in on eliminating discrimination and segregation.

Nearing the end of the movement: The assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. helped bring an end to the Civil Rights movement by giving it that final push it needed in order to be successful. Martin Luther King was assassinated a day after he gave his monumental "I Have a Dream" speech. Masses of blacks and whites streamed through the streets, united, for King's funeral.

Important People

W.E.B. Du Bois: W.E.B. Du Bois was one of the main players in the early Civil Rights movement. Him, along with Booker T. Washington, helped to set the framework for the Civil Rights movement to come. He fought for both social and economic equality for blacks across the country. He was at the first National Negro Conference and the second, which led to the creation of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). He became the publisher of //The Crisis//, which attempted to gain support for the termination of segregation and discrimination. Some of his articles resulted in strong pushes towards the production of legislation, such as the anti-lynching push. Along with the aforementioned beliefs, he also believed in the promotion of African American history, arts, music, and other cultural aspects. Du Bois' publications would lead to many later pushes in the category of African American civil rights and offer a guide for the rectification of the corrupt system. He would leave a lasting haze over American society as he not only called for equal opportunities and economic standing, but also for social equality.

Booker T. Washington: He was the last generation of African Americans born into slavery. Booker T. Washington's "Tuskegee Machine" were made up of many variances of supporters ranging from influential whites to black business. He was the President of the Tuskegee Institute and believed in only fighting for economic equality because economic equality would ultimately lead to social equality. On this point, Du Bois and Washington disagreed greatly. Booker T. Washington impacted the movement with his ability to gain such a wide variety and giant following. His ranging support helped to push the movement forward by getting many more powerful minds on board. He set the ground work for future legislation and furthered the movement. By reaching so many people with the movement he was able to make the final push easier as it already had a base of support.

Marcus Garvey: Marcus Garvey strove to teach young blacks independence and self-reliance. He believed that blacks needed bee able to support themselves in order to gain the equality they deserved. Garvey was an influential figure during the Harlem Renaissance, he worked to build black nationalism. The ideas and beliefs Garvey would leave to the Civil Rights movement would be seen to have a tremendous impact on Rights leaders such as Elijah Mohammed and his adherent Malcolm X, and Stokely Carmichael. Garvey's Universal Negro Improvement Association would cement his beliefs into the minds of elder and young blacks alike. He would also set up a resettlement of blacks to Africa. Once again his ideals would place the foundation for future legislation that would not appear until the 50s and 60s. Garvey would affect society by challenging blacks to think independently, to think differently. His ideas would forever change the minds of many blacks of the time.

Thurgood Marshall: Thurgood Marshall was a Civil Rights lawyer during a time of racial segregation. He was immensely successful in his area of occupation. Throughout his time as a Civil Rights lawyer he dealt with 31 cases in the Supreme Court, he won the vast majority of them. His success in the cases he fought gave hope to Civil Rights activists alike. His biggest victory resulted in the termination of the segregation of the public school system. Society would forever be changed by Thurgood Marshall's legacy, not only did he win massive amount of cases brought to the Supreme Court, but he would also later go on to become the first African American Supreme Court Justice. This would forever help to change societies view on African Americans.

Rosa Parks: Rosa Parks was just an ordinary African American riding on the segregated buses. All blacks were forced to give their seat up to whites if the bus became too crowded. Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat to a white person and as a result was arrested. The Rosa Park's event was one of those events that helped to motivate Civil Rights Activists. This event would forever live on in the hearts of all activists, and as a result always give the activists a reason to fight on. Rosa Park's refusal to let her seat be taken resulted in one very important piece of legislation which was a great victory for the activists. This legislation banned the segregation of buses, deeming it unconstitutional. Her impact on society would be as a figure of bravery. At the threat of being arrested, Rosa still refused to surrender to the unjust rules.

Martin Luther King Jr.: Perhaps the most influential Civil Rights movement leader, Martin Luther King would impact the movement in ways that no other activists could even come close to. King's style of protest was powerfully affected by his readings of Ghandi literature. He promoted protesting using civil disobedience just as Ghandi had done in India shortly before. Martin Luther was able to reach almost complete victory in this way. He taught his fellow activists to expect to be attacked by the whites and to not respond to the attacks as this will only give them more of a reason to attack. King's impact on the movement was greater than all others, he designed the course in which the movement would follow. Most of the legislation that was produced as a result of the movement was because of Martin Luther King and his way of leading the movement. As King had a colossal impact on the movement, he also had a colossal impact on society. Many future protests would be in the form of civil disobedience because of King. King would ultimately change societies view on protesting and present this realization that violence is not always the answer.

Al Sharpton Jr.: Sharpton is a minister and civil rights activist. Sharpton will approach any incidence that could be even the least bit racially motivated and fight it. He leads many marches in order to gain justice for the victims of the injustice. His impact on the movement as that of making sure that African Americans are never treated unfairly. Although he has not led directly to any notable legislation, his marches have led to increased justice being served to criminals that were racially motivated. Sharpton's impact on society in fact seems negative. His push to, in a sense, assault white perpetrators who may or my not have been racially motivated has sometimes led to increased tensions between white and blacks. This, it seems, is his impact on society, increased racial tensions.

C.T. Vivian: C.T. Vivian was a close friend of Martin Luther King during the Civil Rights movement. Forever changed by King, Vivian has continued to seek total equality and a country without discrimination. In recent times he has founded the Center for Democratic Renewal, the Black Action Strategies and Information Center, and the C.T. Vivian Leader Institute. He has impacted the movement by continuing the push for termination of discrimination in all aspects of life. Although he was part of the Civil Rights movement, he is not involved in government all that much. As a result he has not lead to the creation of any legislation. Vivian's impact on society is that of continuing to keep equality. He has also affected society by giving African Americans a living figure to look up to who was part of the movement, and in fact good friends to Martin Luther King Jr.

Opposition to the cause: "Bull" Connor attempted to stop the progress of the movement by intimidating the African Americans into submission. He used force to physically harm protesters in a hope that this will subdue them. Orval Faubus was the Governor of Arkansas during the Little Rock Crisis in which he refused to obey orders of the federal court to allow the integration of public schools. He went against the orders and did not allow the students to attend Central High School. He ordered the Arkansas National Guard to prevent the nine black students from entering the school. President Eisenhower was then forced to send troops in to escort the student to class. George Wallace was the Governor of Alabama in 1963, he had a strong pro-segregation view. In his inaugural speech he stated, "I say segregation now, segregation tomorrow, and segregation forever." In order to stop desegregation he stood in front of the Foster Auditorium at the University of Alabama in order to prevent blacks from entering the building.

Connections: Labor Rights|Women's Rights|Homosexual Rights

Where the movement stands today and how it will affect society in 20 years. __ Websites - Works Cited "Al Sharpton." //Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia//. Web. 16 Nov. 2011. . "Booker T. Washington." //Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia//. Web. 16 Nov. 2011. . "C. T. Vivian." //Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia//. Web. 16 Nov. 2011. . "Civil Rights Movement Heroes for Kids (Rosa Parks, Martin Luther King Jr.) — Infoplease.com." //Infoplease: Encyclopedia, Almanac, Atlas, Biographies, Dictionary, Thesaurus. Free Online Reference, Research & Homework Help. — Infoplease.com//. Web. 16 Nov. 2011. . "George Wallace." //Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia//. Web. 16 Nov. 2011. . Robertson, Gary D. "FOXNews.com - Helms Never Changed on Civil Rights Opposition - Local News | News Articles | National News | US News." //Fox News - Breaking News Updates | Latest News Headlines | Photos & News Videos//. Web. 16 Nov. 2011. . "SparkNotes: The Civil Rights Era (1865â1970): Key People & Terms." //SparkNotes: Today's Most Popular Study Guides//. Web. 16 Nov. 2011. . "Thurgood Marshall." //Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia//. Web. 16 Nov. 2011. . "Timeline of African-American Civil Rights Movement." //Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia//. Web. 16 Nov. 2011. . "W. E. B. Du Bois." //Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia//. Web. 16 Nov. 2011. . Web.

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